Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Pollutants: Recent Promising Sustainable Approaches, Scope, and Challenges

The increasing population density and industrialization are adversely affecting the environment globally. contamination of soil, agricultural lands, water bodies with petroleum wastes other hydrocarbon pollutants has become a serious environmental concern as perceived by impacts on aquatic marine ecosystem. Various investigations have provided novel insights into significant roles microbial activities in cleanup contaminants. However, burden these is expected to increase many folds next decade. Therefore, it necessary investigate develop low-cost technologies rapidly, focusing eco-sustainable development. An understanding details biodegradation mechanisms paves way for enhancing efficiency bioremediation technology. current article reviews applicability various processes, pathways, treatments, role achieving efficient pollutants. It envisaged that an integrated approach, including biostimulation bioaugmentation preferably advocated cost-effective removal toxic hydrocarbons their derivatives.